Citation

Yang X, Zhou L, Tan Y, Shi X, Zhao Z, Nie D, Zhou C, Liu H. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9(7): e9070206.

Affiliation

Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China. liuhong@scdc.sh.cn.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2017, MDPI: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute)

DOI

10.3390/toxins9070206

PMID

28661471

Abstract

In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for simultaneous determination of eight paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins, including saxitoxin (STX), neosaxitoxin (NEO), gonyautoxins (GTX1-4) and the N-sulfo carbamoyl toxins C1 and C2, in sea shellfish. The samples were extracted by acetonitrile/water (80:20, v/v) with 0.1% formic and purified by dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) with C18 silica and acidic alumina. Qualitative and quantitative detection for the target toxins were conducted under the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode by using the positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode after chromatographic separation on a TSK-gel Amide-80 HILIC column with water and acetonitrile. Matrix-matched calibration was used to compensate for matrix effects. The established method was further validated by determining the linearity (R² ≥ 0.9900), average recovery (81.52-116.50%), sensitivity (limits of detection (LODs): 0.33-5.52 μg·kg(-1); limits of quantitation (LOQs): 1.32-11.29 μg·kg(-1)) and precision (relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 19.10%). The application of this proposed approach to thirty shellfish samples proved its desirable performance and sufficient capability for simultaneous determination of multiclass PSP toxins in sea foods.

Language: en

Keywords

LC-MS/MS; dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE); paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins; saxitoxin