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Journal Article

Citation

Irie N, Kawahara N, Esteves AM. Jpn. Soc. Impact Assess. J. 2016; 14(2): 51-61.

Vernacular Title

社会影響評価のコンセプト,手法,妥当性の検討と日本の影響評価への示唆

Copyright

(Copyright © 2016, Japan Society for Impact Assessment)

DOI

10.20714/jsia.14.2_51

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

This research aimed to answer the following research questions: what are the current challenges related to social impact assessments (SIAs) in the context of Japanese assessments of interventions and how they could be solved. The intention to raise these questions were that clear recognition of domestic SIA problems and possible directions for their solution among Japanese SIA researchers and practitioners could be the first step to solve such domestic SIA problems. This analysis was made by reviewing the past literature related to Japanese SIA activities in academic journals and extracting their important issues and challenges. Based on the relevance of these challenges, this paper further reviewed the global SIA literature in relation to ideal SIA practices to find clues for solving the problems raised in past Japanese evaluation practices. The challenges of Japanese SIAs raised were the narrow scoping, inexistence of rigorous stakeholder analysis, ex-ante and ex-post mitigation procedures especially when there are negative impacts on stakeholders, and not thorough adoption of participatory approach and qualitative methods. To solve these problems, recommendations regarding the domestic discussions on finding a desirable scoping and procedures, such as the necessity of the mandatory inclusion of negative impacts in scoping if there are such negative impacts, and ex-ante and ex-post mitigation procedures were presented. Re-examination of scoping and procedures if necessary was recommended. In addition, the validity of the adoption of participatory approach and qualitative methods in SIAs, which are indispensable in democratic society, was discussed.



本研究では,国内のSIAの課題は何か,また,当該課題がいかに解決される可能性があるかをリサーチクエスチョンとした。このリサーチクエスチョンの意図は,国内のSIAの課題が何であるかまずは明確に認識し,さらに,その解決の方向性に関する認識をSIAの研究者や実施者が持つことが,国内のSIAの問題解決の初めの一歩となる可能性があると考えたためである。そのため,本研究では,国内のSIAの課題を既往研究から抽出し,そこで抽出された重要な課題に関連して,世界のSIAの理想形に関する議論をレビューして,解決の方向性を示した。 日本のSIAの課題は,スコープの狭さ,厳密なステークホルダー分析の不在,ステークホルダーへの悪影響がある場合にそれを解決する事前・事後の手続きの不在,参加型アプローチおよび質的分析手法が不徹底であることなどであると議論された。また,それらの解決の方法として,負の影響の分析や心理面の分析などをスコープに入れることや,ステークホルダーへの悪影響がある場合にそれを解決する事前・事後の手続きをとることなどの必要性を国内で議論し,必要であればスコープや手続きを見直すことを提案した。さらに,民主社会でのSIAでは必須と考えられる参加型アプローチ,質的分析手法の実施の正当性を論じた。


Language: ja

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