Citation

Viozzi CF. Clin. Sports Med. 2017; 36(2): 355-368.

Affiliation

Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Electronic address: viozzi.christopher@mayo.edu.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.csm.2016.11.007

PMID

28314422

Abstract

Sports account for 3% to 29% of facial injuries and 10% to 42% of facial fractures. Fractures of the facial skeleton most commonly occur owing to interpersonal violence or motor vehicle crashes. Facial fractures from sporting activities has clearly decreased over time owing to better preventive measures. However, this decreasing trend is offset by the emergence of more dangerous sports activities, or "pushing the envelope" of traditional sports activities. Fractures can occur from contact between athletes, and between athletes and their surroundings. Football, soccer, hockey, and baseball most frequently are involved in sports-related cases of facial bone fracture.

Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Language: en

Keywords

Mandibular fracture; Maxillary fracture; Orbital fracture; Zygoma fracture