Citation

Gerrard PB, Iverson GL, Atkins JE, Maxwell BA, Zafonte R, Schatz P, Berkner PD. Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. 2017; 32(1): 117-122.

Affiliation

Health Services and Department of Biology, Colby College, Waterville, ME, USA.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2017, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1093/arclin/acw097

PMID

28122770

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: ImPACT(®) (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing) is a computerized neuropsychological screening battery, which is widely used to measure the acute effects of sport-related concussion and to monitor recovery from injury. This study examined the factor structure of ImPACT(®) in several samples of high school student athletes. We hypothesized that a 2-factor structure would be present in all samples.

METHOD: A sample of 4,809 adolescent student athletes was included, and subgroups with a history of treatment for headaches or a self-reported history of learning problems or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder were analyzed separately. Exploratory principal axis factor analyses with Promax rotations were used.

RESULTS: As hypothesized, both the combination of Verbal Memory and Visual Memory Composite scores loaded on one (Memory) factor, while Visual Motor Speed and Reaction Time loaded on a different (Speed) factor, in the total sample and in all subgroups.

CONCLUSION: These results provide reasonably compelling evidence, across multiple samples, which ImPACT(®) measures 2 distinct factors: memory and speed.

© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Language: en

Keywords

Cognitive; Concussion; Factor analysis; Memory; Sports