Citation

Lippmann J, Lawrence C, Fock A, Jamieson S, Harris R. Diving Hyperb. Med. 2016; 46(4): 207-240.

Affiliation

Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, South Australia. Australia.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2016, South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society and European Underwater and Baromedical Society)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

27966202

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: An individual case review of diving-related deaths reported as occurring in Australia in 2011 was conducted as part of the DAN Asia-Pacific dive fatality reporting project.

METHOD: The case studies were compiled using reports from witnesses, the police and coroners. In each case, the particular circumstances of the accident and, where available, details from the post-mortem examination are provided. A chain of events analysis was conducted for each case.

RESULTS: In total, there were 30 reported fatalities (10 more than in 2010). These included 15 snorkel/breath-hold divers, 14 scuba divers and one diver using surface-supplied breathing apparatus. Twenty-four victims were males. The mean age of snorkelling victims was 49.6 (range 23-75) years and compressed gas divers 42.2 (range 23-55) years. Cardiac-related issues were thought to have been the disabling injury in the deaths of at least seven snorkel divers and five scuba divers. Immersion pulmonary oedema was implicated in at least one death; and three fatalities resulted from attacks by marine animals. Two novices died while under instruction/supervision after separation from their instructor in poor visibility.

CONCLUSIONS: Pre-existing medical conditions, separation and inadequate supervision and seafood collection in areas frequented by marine predators were once again features in several deaths in this series.

Language: en