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Citation |
Jackson CE, Green JD, Bovin MJ, Vasterling JJ, Holowka DW, Ranganathan G, Rosen RC, Keane TM, Marx BP. J. Trauma. Stress 2016; 29(4): 309-316. |
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Affiliation |
National Center for PTSD-Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. |
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Copyright |
(Copyright © 2016, International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, Publisher John Wiley and Sons) |
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DOI |
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PMID |
27405050 |
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Abstract |
This study examined the unique and combined relationship between mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with psychosocial functioning in a cohort of 1,312 U.S. male and female veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Iraqi Freedom (OIF) enrolled in the Veterans After-Discharge Longitudinal Registry (Project VALOR). We assessed mTBI with structured screening questions reflective of current TBI classification standards and PTSD via the SCID-IV PTSD module; all other variables were assessed by self-report questionnaires. We identified significant diagnostic group differences in psychosocial functioning for both sexes. Individuals with PTSD, with or without a history of mTBI, reported significantly worse psychosocial functioning than individuals with mTBI alone or neither mTBI nor PTSD (males, η(2) p =.11, p <.001; females, η(2) p =.14, p <.001), even after adjusting for demographics and severity of chronic pain. The results suggested that veterans experiencing PTSD, regardless of whether they had a history of mTBI, were at increased risk for long-term psychosocial impairment. Further research examining possible benefits from improved access to resources and treatment to address these needs would be valuable. Language: en |