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Citation |
Mishra S, Barclay P, Sparks A. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Rev. 2016; 21(2): 176-198. |
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Affiliation |
University of California, Los Angeles, USA. |
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Copyright |
(Copyright © 2016, SAGE Publishing) |
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DOI |
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PMID |
27149981 |
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Abstract |
Who takes risks, and why? Does risk-taking in one context predict risk-taking in other contexts? We seek to address these questions by considering two non-independent pathways to risk: need-based and ability-based. The need-based pathway suggests that risk-taking is a product of competitive disadvantage consistent with risk-sensitivity theory. The ability-based pathway suggests that people engage in risk-taking when they possess abilities or traits that increase the probability of successful risk-taking, the expected value of the risky behavior itself, and/or have signaling value. We provide a conceptual model of decision-making under risk-the relative state model-that integrates both pathways and explicates how situational and embodied factors influence the estimated costs and benefits of risk-taking in different contexts. This model may help to reconcile long-standing disagreements and issues regarding the etiology of risk-taking, such as the domain-generality versus domain-specificity of risk or differential engagement in antisocial and non-antisocial risk-taking. Language: en |