Chen K, Zhou L, Chen X, Ma Z, Liu Y, Huang L, Bi J, Kinney PL. Environ. Health Perspect. 2016; 124(12): 1863-1869.
Affiliation
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Program in Climate and Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
BACKGROUND: While adverse effects of high temperature on mortality have been studied extensively in urban areas, little is known of the heat-mortality associations outside of cities.
OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether heat-mortality associations differed between urban and nonurban areas and how urbanicity affected the vulnerability to heat-related mortality.
METHODS: We first analyzed heat-related mortality risk in each of 102 counties in Jiangsu Province, China during 2009 to 2013 using a distributed lag non-linear model. The county-specific estimates were then pooled for more urban (percentage of urban population ≥ 57.11%) and less urban (percentage of urban population < 57.11%) counties using a Bayesian hierarchical model. To explain the spatial variation in associations by county, county-level characteristics affecting heat vulnerability were also examined.
RESULTS: We found that the overall mortality risk comparing the 99th vs. 75th percentiles of temperature was 1.43 [95% Posterior Intervals (PI): 1.36-1.50] in less urban counties and 1.26 (95% PI: 1.23, 1.30) in more urban counties. The heat effects on cardiorespiratory mortality followed a similar pattern. Higher education level and prevalence of air conditioning were significantly associated with counties having lower risks, while percentage of elderly people was significantly associated with increased risks.
CONCLUSION: Our findings reveal that nonurban areas have significant heat-related mortality risks in Jiangsu, China. These results suggest the need for enhanced adaptation planning in Chinese nonurban areas under a changing climate.