Citation

Sugama A, Ohnishi A. J. Occup. Saf. Health (Tokyo) 2015; 8(2): 91-98.

Vernacular Title

脚立に起因する労働災害の分析

Copyright

(Copyright © 2015, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (Japan))

DOI

10.2486/josh.JOSH-2015-0009-CHO

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

In Japan, a number of fall accidents have been associated with equipment such as stepladders. In this study, industrial accident cases were investigated to understand the incidence of accidents caused by stepladders. A total of 34,195 industrial accidents resulting in at least a 4-day absence from work in 2006 (25.5% of the total industrial accidents) were analyzed based on casualty reports from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. Each accident was classified by industry type, accident type, the number of absent days, and victim's age, sex, employment period, injury or disease type, and injured or disease-affected part. There were 992 stepladder-related accidents (6 were fatal accidents). The estimated annual number of stepladder-related accidents was 3,896 (24 were fatal accidents, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3,657-4,135), which accounted for 2.9% of all accidents (95% CI: 2.7-3.1). Based on industry type, 45.5% of the stepladder-related accidents occurred in the construction industry, 15.5% in the manufacturing industry, and 12.3% in the commercial industry. Most of these accidents occurred among >49 years male workers in the construction and manufacturing industries, whereas two-third of these workers in the commercial industry were aged <49 years. A total of 68.6% of the workers sustained a fracture. The most commonly affected body parts were the lower (34.7%) and upper limbs (21.4%), and 64.9% of workers took a leave of absence for >31 days. For 18.4% of workers, the duration of employment at the time of the accident was <1 year; 27.6% of workers were employed for ≥20 years. These results indicate that further research should focus on the conditions that cause these accidents so that prevention strategies can be implemented to reduce the incidence of industrial accidents related to stepladders.

Language: ja

Vernacular Abstract

脚立が起因物となって発生した労働災害（脚立起因災害）の頻発が問題視されているが，これまでに調査報告はなく，その実態が明らかにされていない．本研究では，日本国内における脚立起因災害の実態を把握するため，労働災害事例について調査を行った．分析は，厚生労働省の休業4日以上の労働者死傷病報告のうち，平成18年に発生した34,195件（全災害の25.5%）を対象とした．そして，業種，傷病，傷病部位，休業日数，被災者年齢，性別，経験年月数の項目についてそれぞれ整理した．調査の結果，992件（うち死亡災害6件）を抽出し，年間発生件数は3,896件（95%CI: 3,657-4,135）と推計された．これは当年の全労働災害の2.9%（95%CI: 2.7-3.1）に該当していた．また，被災者の68.6%が骨折し，64.9%が31日以上休業していたことから，脚立起因災害は重篤な負傷につながりやすいことが明らかとなった．脚立起因災害の特徴としては，70.4%が脚立上での作業中に発生し，19.4%が脚立を下りる際に，7.9%が上る際に発生していた．業種別の内訳では，建設業が45.5%，製造業が15.5%，商業が12.3%であり，建設業と製造業では経験20年以上の高年齢労働者が多いのに対し，商業では経験1年以下の被災者が多く，31.1%が女性であるなど，業種によって被災者の属性に違いが見られた．本研究の結果から，重篤な負傷が発生しやすい脚立起因災害の防止に向けた取り組みが必要であることが示された．