Citation

Umezaki S, Fukuda T, Saito T, Shimizu S, Kimura T, Hamajima K, Hoshi T, Ikeda H, Okabe K, Yamagiwa K, Tomita H, Mikami Y, Hirao Y, Okamoto M, Kadowaki S, Abe M, Otsuka Y. J. Occup. Saf. Health (Tokyo) 2014; 8(1): 13-27.

Vernacular Title

日本で望まれる機械安全に関する法規制及び社会制度の考察

Copyright

(Copyright © 2014, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (Japan))

DOI

10.2486/josh.JOSH-2014-0010-SO

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

An advantage of Japan is that high-quality safety management and production technologies have been implemented at worksites by workers, managers and production engineers. If European technologies and social systems for safety of machinery are appropriately implemented on the basis of these "onsite capabilities," a new technology and social system framework based on Japan's own onsite capabilities may be created. This study examined the laws, regulations, and social systems that are favorable for safety of machinery in Japan. In maximizing onsite capabilities for safety management, the following four activities were presumed important: (1) the positioning of safety as an investment for new value creation, not a cost; (2) the sharing of a strong sense of ownership and common values for building a safe workplace among involved individuals; (3) the changes in strategies from prevention of recurrence to proactive prevention and from considering the number of accidents to considering the severity of accident; and (4) the consideration of unexpected problems.

In addition to the aforementioned activities, the basic principles of machine safety and accident prevention in Europe were considered particularly important for spreading and promotion among corporate executives and machine designers. These principles are the (1) risk reduction strategies provided by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO 12100); (2) conformity assessments that use a modular approach and marking aimed at conveying information about declarations of conformity; (3) validity confirmation when using a machine based on marking information; and (4) feedback regarding disaster information for the design and manufacturing stages of a machine.

Language: ja

Vernacular Abstract

日本の強みは，現場の優秀な作業者や管理・監督者及び生産技術者が質の高い安全管理と生産技術に基づく改善を実施していることにある．したがって，この"現場力"を基盤に置いた上で，技術に基づく安全の先進国と言われる欧州の機械安全技術や社会制度を適切に活用すれば，日本の現場力と欧州の機械安全技術を高次の次元で融合させた新しい枠組みの安全技術と社会制度を構築できる可能性がある．本稿では，以上の観点から日本で望まれる法規制及び社会制度のあり方を検討した．その結果，今後の日本の社会制度では，安全をコストでなく新たな価値創造のための投資として位置づけること，高い当事者意識と安全な職場を構築しようとする共通の価値観を関係者間で共有すること，及び再発防止から未然防止，件数重視から重篤度重視への戦略転換と想定外の考慮が重要と推察された．また，実際の機械の労働災害防止対策では，特に経営者及び設計者に対して欧州機械安全の基本理念と災害防止原則を普及促進するとともに，①ISO12100に定めるリスク低減戦略，②モジュール方式による適合性評価と適合宣言に関する情報伝達を目的としたマーキング，③マーキングの情報に基づく機械の使用段階での妥当性確認，④機械の設計・製造段階への災害情報のフィードバックが特に重要と考えられた．