Citation

Aronowitz AA. Sociol. Crime Law Deviance 2009; 13: 107-128.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2009, Emerald Group Publishing)

DOI

10.1108/S1521-6136(2009)0000013010

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

PURPOSE -- To define, compare, and contrast human smuggling and trafficking, trace the route from recruitment and transportation to arrival at the destination and exploitation; examine some incorrect assumptions about human trafficking.

METHODology -- Literature review of academic studies, conference presentations, and reports issued by governmental, non-governmental, and international organizations.

FINDINGS -- Instead of being an international phenomenon in which women and children are recruited with false promises of employment and then exploited by male members of highly organized international trafficking networks, research shows that victims -- including men -- are exploited in their own countries outside of the commercial sexual industry by women and by others operating as individuals or often in loosely organized networks. Value -- This article summarizes what is known about human trafficking including trafficking for human organs and for children used as child soldiers.