Citation

Addai EK, Gabel D, Krause U. J. Hazard. Mater. 2015; 301: 314-326.

Affiliation

Otto-von-Guericke-University, Institute of Instrumental and Environmental Technology Department of Systems Engineering and Plant Safety, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2015, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.09.006

PMID

26378364

Abstract

Investigations on the minimum ignition temperatures (MIT) of hybrid mixtures of dusts with gases or solvents were performed in the modified Godbert-Greenwald (GG) furnace. Five combustible dusts and six flammable gases (three ideal and three real) were used. The test protocol was according to EN 50281-2-1 for dust-air mixtures whereas in the case of gases, solvents and hybrid mixtures this standard was used with slight modification. The experimental results demonstrated a significant decrease of the MIT of gas, solvent or dust and an increase in the likelihood of explosion when a small amount of dust, which was either below the minimum explosion concentration or not ignitable by itself, was mixed with gas and vice versa. For example, the MIT of toluene decreased from 540°C to 455°C when small amount of lycopodium was added. It was also confirmed that a hybrid mixture explosion is possible even when both dust and vapour or gas concentrations are respectively lower than their minimum explosion concentration (MEC) and lower explosion limit (LEL). Another example is CN4, the MEC of which of 304g/m(3) decreased to 37g/m(3) when propane was added, even though the concentrations of the gas was below its LEL.

Language: en