Citation

Luongo G, Ostman C. Indoor Air 2015; 26(3): 414-425.

Affiliation

Division of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2015, John Wiley and Sons)

DOI

10.1111/ina.12217

PMID

25929991

Abstract

In this study, the occurrence of nine phthalate diesters (phthalates) and fourteen organophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) was investigated in sixty-two house dust samples collected from nineteen buildings in Stockholm area during the year 2008. Eight phthalates were detected in almost all samples, with median concentrations ranging from 0.47 μg/g to 449 μg/g with di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate being the most abundant compound. Twelve PFRs were detected with median concentrations ranging from 0.19 μg/g to 11 μg/g. Within this class of compounds, the most abundant were tris(2-chloroisopropyl) and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate. Both classes of compounds were also measured in the air of the apartments, but no correlation between air and dust concentrations could be found. Based on these measurements, exposure, via house dust ingestion and air inhalation, was calculated for adults and toddlers, and compared to published limit values in order to estimate potential health risks. In an extreme exposure scenario for toddlers, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate, and tributyl phosphate were close to the reference dose (RfD) for chronic oral exposure or the tolerable daily intake (TDI). Standard Reference Material SRM 2585 was used as a quality control sample and the levels of diisononyl and diisodecyl phthalates were determined in this material. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Language: en