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Citation |
Zeeb K, Buchner A, Schrauf M. Accid. Anal. Prev. 2015; 78: 212-221. |
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Affiliation |
Daimler AG, Research and Development, Hanns-Klemm-Str. 45, D-71032 Böblingen, Germany; Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Department of Experimental Psychology, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. Electronic address: michael.schrauf@daimler.com. |
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Copyright |
(Copyright © 2015, Elsevier Publishing) |
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DOI |
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PMID |
25794922 |
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Abstract |
In recent years the automation level of driver assistance systems has increased continuously. One of the major challenges for highly automated driving is to ensure a safe driver take-over of the vehicle guidance. This must be ensured especially when the driver is engaged in non-driving related secondary tasks. For this purpose it is essential to find indicators of the driver's readiness to take over and to gain more knowledge about the take-over process in general. A simulator study was conducted to explore how drivers' allocation of visual attention during highly automated driving influences a take-over action in response to an emergency situation. Therefore we recorded drivers' gaze behavior during automated driving while simultaneously engaging in a visually demanding secondary task, and measured their reaction times in a take-over situation. According to their gaze behavior the drivers were categorized into "high", "medium" and "low-risk". The gaze parameters were found to be suitable for predicting the readiness to take-over the vehicle, in such a way that high-risk drivers reacted late and more often inappropriately in the take-over situation. However, there was no difference among the driver groups in the time required by the drivers to establish motor readiness to intervene after the take-over request. An integrated model approach of driver behavior in emergency take-over situations during automated driving is presented. It is argued that primarily cognitive and not motor processes determine the take-over time. Given this, insights can be derived for further research and the development of automated systems. Language: en |