Citation

Mansfield A, Wong JS, Bryce J, Knorr S, Patterson KK. Phys. Ther. 2014; 95(5): 700-709.

Affiliation

K.K. Patterson, PhD, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network; Department of Physical Therapy and Graduate Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Toronto; and School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2014, American Physical Therapy Association)

DOI

10.2522/ptj.20140090

PMID

25524873

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Older adults and individuals with neurological conditions are at an increased risk for falls. While physical exercise can prevent falls, certain types of exercise may be more effective. Perturbation-based balance training is a novel intervention involving repeated postural perturbations aiming to improve control of rapid balance reactions.

PURPOSE: To estimate the effect of perturbation-based balance training on falls in daily life. DATA SOURCES: Medline (1946-July 2014), EMBASE (1974-July 2014), PEDro (all dates), CENTRAL (1991-July 2014) and Google Scholar (all dates). STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials written in English were included if they focused on perturbation-based balance training among older adults or individuals with neurological conditions and collected falls data post-training. DATA EXTRACTION: Two investigators extracted data independently. Study authors were contacted to obtain missing information. A PEDro score was obtained for each study. Primary outcomes were proportion of participants who reported one or more falls (i.e., number of fallers) and the total number of falls. The risk ratio (proportion of fallers) and rate ratio (number of falls) were entered into the analysis. DATA SYNTHESIS: Eight studies involving 404 participants were included. Participants who completed perturbation-based balance training were less likely to report a fall (overall risk ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval [0.52, 0.96]; p=0.02) and reported fewer falls than those in the control groups (overall rate ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval [0.34, 0.85]; p=0.007). LIMITATIONS: Study authors do not always identify that they have included perturbation training in their intervention; therefore, it is possible that some appropriate studies were not included. Study designs were heterogeneous preventing sub-analyses.

CONCLUSIONS: Perturbation-based balance training appears to reduce fall risk among older adults and individuals with Parkinson's disease.

Language: en