Citation

Yeh K, Song Z, Reznichenko J, Jang KO. J. Fire Sci. 1993; 11(4): 350-367.

Copyright

(Copyright © 1993, SAGE Publishing)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Several studies have previously suggested that alkali metal ions such as potassium and sodium play a critical role in the smoldering and ignition of cotton upholstery fabrics. We have conducted an extensive review of the relevant literature to identify potential sources of these ions and to delineate possible mechanisms by which they affect the smoldering and ignition of cotton upholstery fabrics. The hazard associated with the cigarette ignition of cotton upholstery fabrics is addressed in terms of statistics on fire fatalities. Potential sources of alkali metal ions on the cotton fiber have been identified as being (1) from soil and agricultural chemicals used during the growth of the cotton plant and (2) from alkali agents used in textile wet processes such as dyeing and finishing. A general framework and pathway of cellulose degradation, smoldering combustion and ignition to flaming combustion is presented. Potential effects of alkali ions on each of these processes have been analyzed. The most probable role of these ions is suggested to be a catalytic effect on the oxidation of carbonaceous char (smoldering combustion).