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Citation
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Giesbrecht N, Huguet N, Ogden L, Kaplan MS, McFarland BH, Caetano R, Conner KR, Nolte KB. Addiction 2014; 110(2): 300-307. |
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Affiliation
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Social and Epidemiological Research Department, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. |
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Abstract
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AIMS: To estimate the association between per capita alcohol retail outlet density and blood alcohol concentration (BAC) from 51,547 suicide decedents and to analyse the relationship between alcohol outlet density and socio-demographic characteristics among alcohol positive suicide decedents in the United States by racial/ethnic groups and method of suicide.
DESIGN: Analysis of U.S. data, 2003-11, National Violent Death Reporting System. SETTING: Suicide decedents from 14 U.S. States. CASES: A total of 51,547 suicide decedents tested for blood alcohol content. MEASUREMENTS: Blood alcohol content and levels were derived from coroner/medical examiner reports. Densities of county level on-premises and off-premises alcohol retail outlets were calculated using the 2010 Census.
FINDINGS: Multilevel logistic regression models suggested that higher off-premises alcohol outlet densities were associated with greater proportions of alcohol-related suicides among men - for suicides with alcohol present (BAC>0; adjusted odds ratio [AOR]= 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]= 1.03-1.13). Interactions between outlet density and decedents' characteristics were also tested. There was an interaction between off-premises alcohol availability and American Indian/Alaska Native race (AOR=1.36; 95% CI=1.10-1,69) such that this sub-group had highest BAC positivity. On-premises density was also associated with BAC > 0 (AOR=1.05; 95% CI=1.03-1.11) and BAC≥ 0.08 (PubMed AOR=1.05; 95% CI=1.02-1.09) among male decedents.
CONCLUSIONS: In the US, the density of both on- and off-premises alcohol outlets in a county is positively associated with the alcohol-related suicide rate, especially among American Indians/Alaska Natives.
Language: en |