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Abstract
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OBJECTIVE: The study explored the neurocognitive profiles of pediatric patients with moderate/severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) at 3 (Time-1) and 12 months (Time-2) post injury. Previous research suggests deficits in cognition, attention, working memory, and processing speed. The current study was done to further explore these neurocognitive concerns in children with TBI.
METHOD: 69 moderate/severe pediatric TBI patients ages 6-16 (73% male, mean age Time-1 = 11yrs, SD = 3.9; mean age Time-2 = 12yrs, SD = 3.7) completed Children's Memory Scale (CMS), Test of Everyday Attention-Children (TEA-Ch), and Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) 3-months and 12-months post injury.
RESULTS were compared to 69 age-matched healthy controls (73% male, mean age Time-1 = 12 years, SD = 3.4; mean age Time-2 = 13 years, SD = 3.3) assessed twice 12 months apart.
RESULTS: Descriptive and Paired t-tests were conducted revealing no significant differences in cognitive summary scores, memory indices, or TEA-Ch scores across both time points within groups (see Table 1). However, trends revealed increase in scores from Time-1 to Time-2 with control group performance significantly better across all measures at both time points.
CONCLUSION(S): Consistent with current literature, neurocognitive profiles in this Moderate/Severe TBI population exhibited lower IQ, Memory, and Attention scores than healthy Controls. A within subjects pattern was noted indicating that children's whose scores were lower at Time-1 demonstrated limited improvement at Time-2. Conversely, subjects whose scores that were higher at Time-1 were more likely to demonstrate stronger improvement at Time-2. acn;29/6/586-a/ACU038TB1T1ACU038TB1Table 1. TBI and Control Neurocognitive Indices/Scaled scores Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) Performance IQ (PIQ) Verbal IQ (VIQ) General Memory Verbal Immediate Verbal Delayed Visual Immediate Visual Delayed Learning Delayed Recognition 3 months post-injury, Time 1N = 57 M= 90.3(SD =13.5)M= 103.6(SD =18.6) M= 93.4(SD= 14.4)M= 105.9(SD =15.0) M = 89.1(SD =14.2)M= 102.1(SD =15.6) M= 92.6 (SD = 20.8)M= 109.5(SD =17.3) M= 91.3(SD = 18.9)M= 105.5(SD =16.3) M= 92.1 (SD = 19.8)M= 109.9(SD =17.2) M= 95.3 (SD = 17.8)M= 104.9(SD =12.2) M= 96.6(SD = 17.2)M= 104.8(SD =12.6) M= 93.5 (SD = 19.6)M= 104.9(SD =16.0) M= 92.8(SD = 17.3)M= 102.5(SD =14.4) 12 months post-injury,Time 2N = 57 M= 93.1(SD =12.8)M= 109.3(SD =14.6) M= 97.1(SD = 13.0)M= 108.3(SD =15.3) M= 91.9 (SD = 14.7)M= 107.8(SD =14.2) M= 103.9 (SD = 22.2)M= 120.5(SD =14.5) M= 96.1(SD = 19.0)M= 111.3(SD =16.9) M= 97.5 (SD = 18.9)M= 115.1(SD =15.6) M= 107.0 (SD = 18.9)M= 115(SD =12.8) M= 109.2 (SD = 16.2)M= 114.7(SD =11.9) M= 98.9 (SD = 19.3)M= 110.3(SD =14.6) M= 94.7(SD = 17.7)M= 104.9(SD =13.5) *WASI & CMS scores based on standard scores with M = 100, SD = 15 TEA-Ch:Correct Targets TEA-Ch:Time per Target TEA-Ch:Attention Score TEA-Ch:Score! TEA-Ch:Creature Counting TEA-Ch:Sky Search DT TEA-Ch:Map Mission TEA-Ch:Score DT TEA-Ch:Walk/Don't Walk 3 months post-injury, Time 1N = 57 M= 9.1(SD =3.5)M= 8.9(SD =4.2) M= 8.1(SD= 3.7)M= 9.3(SD =3.0) M = 8.9(SD =3.6)M= 9.2(SD =3.1) M= 8.4(SD = 3.2)M= 9.2(SD =3.0) M= 9.6(SD = 3.4)M= 12.1(SD =3.3) M= 6.7(SD = 4.2)M= 8.1(SD =3.7) M= 7.3(SD = 3.2)M= 7.6(SD =3.1) M= 7.8(SD = 3.3)M= 11.2(SD =3.4) M= 6.7(SD = 3.4)M= 9.6(SD =3.2) 12 months post-injury,Time 2N = 57 M= 9.8(SD =3.2)M= 13.2(SD =3.9) M= 9.8(SD = 3.5)M= 13.3(SD =3.4) M= 10.6 (SD = 3.7)M= 13.1(SD =3.3) M= 8.7 (SD = 3.5)M= 12.3(SD =3.0) M= 10.3(SD = 2.9)M= 14.4(SD =3.5) M= 8.6(SD = 3.7)M= 9.2(SD =3.6) M= 7.2(SD = 4.1)M= 10.1(SD =3.1) M= 8.0(SD = 3.6)M= 8.2(SD =4.1) M= 9.3(SD = 3.0)M= 10.3(SD =3.3) *TEA-Ch scores are based on scaled scores with M = 10, SD = 3 **Healthy Control scores are coded gray.
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