Citation

Okada K, Akiyoshi M, Ishizaki K, Sato H, Matsunaga T. J. Hazard. Mater. 2014; 278C: 75-81.

Affiliation

Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability (RISS), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2014, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.05.077

PMID

24953938

Abstract

Five liters of sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution (12mass%) was poured into 300L of liquid waste containing ammonium ion of about 1.8mol/L in a 500 L tank in a plant area; then, two minutes later the solution exploded with a flash on March 30th, 2005. The tank cover, the fluorescent lamp and the air duct were broken by the blast wave. Thus, we have conducted 40 runs of laboratory-scale explosion tests under various conditions (solution concentrations of (NH4)2SO4 and NaClO, temperatures, Pt catalysts, pH, etc.) to investigate the causes for such an explosion. When solutions of ammonium sulfate and sodium hypochlorite are mixed in the presence of platinum black, explosions result. This is ascribable to the formation of explosive nitrogen trichloride (NCl3). In the case where it is necessary to mix these 2 solutions (ammonium sulfate and sodium hypochlorite) in the presence of platinum black, the following conditions would reduce a probability of explosion; the initial concentration of NH4(+) should be less than 3mol/L and the pH should be higher than 6. The hypochlorite solution (in 1/10 in volume) to be added at room temperature is recommended to be less than 0.6mol/L.

Language: en