Citation

Ward AJ. Child Psychiatry Hum. Dev. 1991; 22(2): 97-110.

Copyright

(Copyright © 1991, Holtzbrinck Springer Nature Publishing Group)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

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Abstract

The documentation of levels of prenatal maternal stress and anxiety of four populations of severely emotionally disturbed children and adolescents was retrospectively reviewed to examine their relationship to the later development of childhood psychopathology. Significantly more of those children were born to unmarried mothers who had not planned to become pregnant, felt unhappy about being pregnant, lived in family discord, emotionally rejected being pregnant, and experienced significantly more physical problems than would be expected by chance. This study supports the hypothesis that chronic prenatal stress adds both physiological and psychological risk factors to the later development of childhood psychopathology. (Abstract Adapted from Source: Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 1991. Copyright © 1991 by Springer)

Prenatal Stress
Stress Effects
Child Psychopathology
Psychopathology Causes
Juvenile Psychopathology
Child Development
Juvenile Development
Mother Stress
Parent Stress
Emotionally Disturbed Child
Emotionally Disturbed Juvenile
Early Adolescence
Early Childhood
Late Adolescence
Late Childhood
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