Citation

Little TD, Jorgensen TD, Lang KM, Moore W. J. Pediatr. Psychol. 2014; 39(2): 151-162.

Affiliation

Center for Research Methods and Data Analysis, University of Kansas, and Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2014, Oxford University Press)

DOI

10.1093/jpepsy/jst048

PMID

23836191

Abstract

We provide conceptual introductions to missingness mechanisms-missing completely at random (MCAR), missing at random (MAR), and missing not at random (MNAR)-and state-of-the-art methods of handling missing data-full-information maximum likelihood (FIML) and multiple imputation (MI)-followed by a discussion of planned missing designs: Multiform questionnaire protocols, 2-method measurement models, and wave-missing longitudinal designs. We reviewed 80 articles of empirical studies published in the 2012 issues of the Journal of Pediatric Psychology to present a picture of how adequately missing data are currently handled in this field. To illustrate the benefits of using MI or FIML and incorporating planned missingness into study designs, we provide example analyses of empirical data gathered using a 3-form planned missing design.

Language: en