Citation

Goren-Inbar N, Freikman M, Garfinkel Y, Goring-Morris NA, Grosman L. PLoS One 2012; 7(8): e42213.

Affiliation

Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2012, Public Library of Science)

DOI

10.1371/journal.pone.0042213

PMID

22870306

Abstract

Cylindrical objects made usually of fired clay but sometimes of stone were found at the Yarmukian Pottery Neolithic sites of Sha'ar HaGolan and Munhata (first half of the 8(th) millennium BP) in the Jordan Valley. Similar objects have been reported from other Near Eastern Pottery Neolithic sites. Most scholars have interpreted them as cultic objects in the shape of phalli, while others have referred to them in more general terms as "clay pestles," "clay rods," and "cylindrical clay objects." Re-examination of these artifacts leads us to present a new interpretation of their function and to suggest a reconstruction of their technology and mode of use. We suggest that these objects were components of fire drills and consider them the earliest evidence of a complex technology of fire ignition, which incorporates the cylindrical objects in the role of matches.

Language: en