Citation

Endler NS, Edwards JM, Vitelli R, Parker JDA. Anxiety Research 1989; 2(1): 1-14.

Copyright

(Copyright © 1989, Informa - Taylor and Francis Group)

DOI

10.1080/08917778908249322

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

The Endler Multidimensional Anxiety Scales (EMAS) are self-report measures of multidimensional trait anxiety, state anxiety and perception of situations. The scales were administered to samples of students, adults, and clinical patients. Normative data and reliabilities of the EMAS are reported. Concurrent and construct validity studies are discussed. In general, the data support the conclusion that the EMAS are reliable and valid measures of multidimensional trait and state anxiety. Theoretical and practical uses of the scales are discussed, including their relationship to the interaction model of personality and their uses in clinical and other applied settings.