Citation

Vale A. Medicine (Abingdon) 2012; 40(2): 74-76.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2012, Medicine Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.mpmed.2011.11.015

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Substances taken to alter the mental state may be ingested, inhaled, absorbed through mucous membranes or injected. Accidental overdose is common. Complications result either from the presence of contaminants or from the pharmacological actions of the substance(s) involved; these include respiratory, neurological, renal and metabolic complications. Body packers often swallow large numbers of packages in the hope of financial gain. Acute intestinal obstruction may result and overdose is a hazard if a packet bursts. Immediate surgery is indicated if acute intestinal obstruction develops, or when packets can be seen radiologically and there is clinical or analytical evidence to suggest leakage, particularly if the drug involved is a central nervous system stimulant (e.g. cocaine).