Citation

Kubo K, Okanoya K, Kawai N. PLoS One 2012; 7(3): e33006.

Affiliation

Okanoya Emotional Information Project, Exploratory Research fpr Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Nagoya, Japan.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2012, Public Library of Science)

DOI

10.1371/journal.pone.0033006

PMID

22457729

PMCID

PMC3310858

Abstract

Although studies have emphasized the multiple components of anger, little is known about the physiological and psychological mechanisms of the approach motivational component and the negative emotional component of anger. In the present study, participants wrote brief opinions about social problems (e.g., tuition hikes) and received a handwritten, insulting comment about their composition from the experimenter. Half of the participants (apology group) received a simple apologetic sentence at the end of the insulting comment. Half of the participants (no apology group) did not receive one. The physiological responses of the participants were recorded prior to, and after they read the comments. Increases in heart rate and asymmetric frontal brain activity were suppressed only in the apology group. Both groups showed an increase in skin conductance response. Our psychological scales showed that the apology suppressed self reported state anger from an approach-motivational standpoint but not from a negative emotional standpoint. The results suggest that anger is not a unitary process but has multiple components. The apology did provide a different physiological profile but did not dampen down the subjective experience of anger. Thus, providing an apology may not always be effective for alleviating the experience of anger to an insult.

Language: en