Citation

Monticone M, Baiardi P, Bonetti F, Ferrari S, Foti C, Pillastrini P, Rocca B, Vanti C, Zanoli G. Spine 2012; 37(6): E374-E380.

Affiliation

Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation Institute of Care and Research (IRCCS), Scientific Institute of Lissone, Milan, Italy (Dr Monticone); Scientific Institute of Pavia, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation IRCCS and Consorzio Valutazioni Biologiche e Farmacologiche, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (Dr Baiardi); Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics and Nephrology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (Bonetti); Manual Therapy Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy (Ferrari); Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy (Dr. Foti); Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics and Nephrology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (Pillastrini); Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation Institute of Care and Research (IRCCS), Scientific Institute of Lissone, Milan, Italy (Rocca); School of Physiotherapy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy (Vanti); and University of Ferrara and Casa di Cura SM Maddalena, Rome, Italy (Zanoli).

Copyright

(Copyright © 2012, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins)

DOI

10.1097/BRS.0b013e31822ff5a7

PMID

22422439

Abstract

STUDY DESIGN.: Evaluation of the psychometric properties of a translated and culturally adapted questionnaire. OBJECTIVE.: Translating, culturally adapting, and validating the Italian version of the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ-I) to allow its use with Italian-speaking patients with low-back pain (LBP). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA.: Growing attention is being given to standardized outcome measures to improve interventions for LBP. A translated form of the FABQ has never been validated in Italian patients with LBP. METHODS.: The FABQ-I questionnaire was developed by means of forward-backward translation, a final review by an expert committee, and a test of the prefinal version to establish its correspondence with the original English version. The psychometric testing included factor analysis, reliability by internal consistency (Cronbach α) and test-retest reliability (intraclass coefficient correlation), convergent validity by comparing FABQ-I with the Italian version of the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-I), and discriminant validity by comparing FABQ-I with a visual analogue scale, the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Pearson correlation). RESULTS.: It took 4 months to develop a shared version of the FABQ-I. The questionnaire was administered to 180 subjects and proved to be acceptable. Factor analysis revealed a 2-factor, 12-item solution (57% of explained variance). The questionnaire showed good internal consistency (α = 0.822) and high test-retest reliability (intraclass coefficient correlation = 0.869). Convergent validity showed a moderate correlation with TSK-I (r = 0.440), and discriminant validity showed moderate-poor correlations with a visual analogue scale (r = 0.335), Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (r = 0.414), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (r = 0.258 for the Anxiety score and r = 0.246 for the Depression score). The results of the psychometric analyses of the subscales were similar to those of the scale as a whole. CONCLUSION.: The FABQ outcome measure was successfully translated into Italian and proved to have a good factorial structure and psychometric properties that replicated the results of other existing versions. Its use is recommended for research purposes.

Language: en