Citation

Klucken T, Alexander N, Schweckendiek J, Merz CJ, Kagerer S, Osinsky R, Walter B, Vaitl D, Hennig J, Stark R. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 2013; 8(3): 318-325.

Affiliation

Corresponding author Dr. Tim Klucken Bender Institute of Neuroimaging University of Giessen Otto-Behaghel-Strasse 10 H 35394 Giessen Germany Phone: +49641 9926341 Fax: +49641 9926309 Tim.Klucken@psychol.uni-giessen.de.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2013, Oxford University Press)

DOI

10.1093/scan/nss005

PMID

22258800

Abstract

Fear learning is a crucial process in the pathogeneses of psychiatric disorders, which highlights the need to identify specific factors contributing to interindividual variation. We hypothesized variation in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) and stressful life events (SLEs) to be associated with neural correlates of fear conditioning in a sample of healthy male adults (N=47). Subjects were exposed to a differential fear conditioning paradigm after being preselected regarding 5-HTTLPR genotype and SLEs. Individual differences in brain activity as measured by fMRI, skin conductance responses and preference ratings were assessed. We report significant variation in neural correlates of fear conditioning as a function of 5-HTTLPR genotype. Specifically, the conditioned stimulus (CS+) elicited elevated activity within the fear-network (amygdala, insula, thalamus, occipital cortex) in subjects carrying two copies of the 5-HTTLPR S' allele. Moreover, our results revealed preliminary evidence for significant gene-by-environment interaction, such as homozygous carriers of the 5-HTTLPR S' allele with a history of SLEs demonstrated elevated reactivity to the CS+ in the occipital cortex and the insula. Our findings contribute to the current debate on 5-HTTLPR × SLEs interaction by investigating crucial alterations on an intermediate phenotype level which may convey elevated vulnerability for the development of psychopathology.

Language: en