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Abstract
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文化大革命中の1967年夏,中国は全国各地で「全面内戦」に陥ったといわれる。革命の聖地として知られる延安でも,1967年夏から翌年夏にかけて派閥組織が内戦さながらの武闘を繰り広げた。本稿は,陝西省延安地区の14県を事例として,武闘拡大のプロセスを明らかにする。延安における武闘は,(1)派閥集団の二極化,(2)地方の軍隊の分裂,(3)派閥組織間の連携,という三つのプロセスの連鎖によって拡大していった。派閥集団の二極化は,様々な造反組織を相対する二大派閥へと集結させ,対立を先鋭化させた。解放軍の「支左」は,地方の軍隊を派閥抗争に巻き込み,派閥組織の武装化と暴力の激化を招いた。また,派閥組織間の連携は,派閥抗争の拡大と武闘の大規模化をもたらした。
In the summer of 1967, China is said to have plunged into "all-out civil war" throughout the country. Civil-warlike armed battles took place also in Yan'an, a sacred place of the Chinese revolution, from summer 1967 to summer 1968. This study examines processes of the escalation of factional armed battles by using 14 counties of Yan'an District in Shaanxi Province as cases. Three processes are found involved in the escalation of armed battles: the polarization of rebel groups, a split within the local military system, and the alliance making among rebel organizations. The polarization of factions set stage for factional violence. The involvement of local military units in factional conflict, caused by the military "support-the-left" policy, invited the outflow of weapons to rebels and thus the intensification of factional violence. And the alliance making among rebel organizations spread factional conflict across county borders and magnified the scale of armed battles. |