Citation

Lee DL, Zentall SS. J. Behav. Ther. Exp. Psychiatry 2006; 37(2): 94-112.

Affiliation

The Pennsylvania State University, 227 CEDAR Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA. davidlee@psu.edu

Copyright

(Copyright © 2006, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.jbtep.2004.12.001

PMID

16563307

Abstract

The effects of reward schedule (100% and 30%) and extinction on attention (reaction time to auditory stimuli) and frustration levels (pressure exerted on a response key) of 15 adults with attentional disorders and 21 normal adults were examined using a continuous performance task. We predicted, that adults with attentional deficits would (a) perform similar to comparisons when rewarded on a continuous schedule, (b) exhibit higher levels of frustration when that continuous schedule was moved to an extinction schedule, and (c) experience more frustration than comparisons when rewarded on a partial schedule. Overall, adults with attentional deficits were slower to respond and their responses were more variable than typical comparisons across trials, similar to what is observed for children. Continuous reward resulted in poorer performance earlier in the reward phase and continued throughout an extinction phase. The frustration levels of adults with attentional deficits did not differ from comparisons across schedule conditions. Results are discussed in terms of the role of arousal in mediating responding to various schedules of reward.

Language: en