Citation

Bogduk N. Spine 2011; 36(25 Suppl): S194-9.

Affiliation

University of Newcastle, Department of Clinical Research, Newcastle Bone and Joint Institute, Royal Newcastle Centre, Newcastle, Australia.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2011, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins)

DOI

10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182387f1d

PMID

22020612

Abstract

Study Design. Narrative review.Objective. To summarise the evidence that implicates the cervical zygapophysial joints as the leading source of chronic neck pain after whiplash.Summary of Background Data. Reputedly a patho-anatomic basis for neck pain after whiplash has been elusive. However, studies conducted in a variety of disparate disciplines indicate that this is not necessarily the case.Methods. Data were retrieved from studies that addressed the post-mortem features and biomechanics of injury to the cervical zygapophysial joints, and from clinical studies of the diagnosis and treatment of zygapophysial joint pain, to illustrate convergent validity.Results. Post-mortem studies show that a spectrum of injuries can befall the zygapophysial joints in motor vehicle accidents. Biomechanics studies of normal volunteers and of cadavers reveal the mechanisms by which such injuries can be sustained. Studies in cadavers and in laboratory animals have produced these injuries.Clinical studies have shown that zygapophysial joint pain is very common amongst patients with chronic neck pain after whiplash, and that this pain can be successfully eliminated by radiofrequency neurotomy.Conclusion. The fact that multiple lines of evidence, using independent techniques, consistently implicate the cervical zygapophysial joints as a site of injury and source of pain, strongly implicates injury to these joints as a common basis for chronic neck pain after whiplash.

Language: en