Citation

Miskovic V, Schmidt LA. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2012; 36(1): 459-478.

Affiliation

McMaster Integrative Neuroscience Discovery and Study, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.08.002

PMID

21855571

Abstract

Social fearfulness appears to be expressed on a continuum of severity from moderate distress to incapacitating fear. The present article focuses on the brain states associated with this broad dimension of social anxiety in humans. In total, 70 published studies are summarized documenting the neural correlates of social anxiety during states of rest, threat-related cognitive-affective activation, and acute symptom provocation. Neural exaggeration in limbic (amygdala) and paralimbic (insula) regions appears to be associated with functional outcomes involving increased attention for and processing of social threat. Evidence is also reviewed showing that social anxiety is characterized by atypical functional connectivity in certain brain networks. Despite a higher prevalence of social anxiety disorder among females, most of the published clinical studies have relied on male samples (approximately, 56% of the total participants). We evaluate the prospects of nonhuman animal models of social anxiety and discuss several promising directions for future research. The review highlights the need to adopt an integrative, network-based approach to the study of the neural substrates underlying social anxiety.

Language: en