Citation

Dick DM, Bernard M, Aliev F, Viken R, Pulkkinen L, Kaprio JA, Rose RJ. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2009; 33(10): 1739-1748.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2009, John Wiley and Sons)

DOI

10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.01011.x

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

Background:  Twin and family studies have demonstrated that adolescent alcohol use and behavior problems are influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. More recently, studies have begun to investigate how genetic and environmental influences may interact, with efforts underway to identify specific environmental variables that moderate the expression of genetic predispositions. Previously, we have reported that community-level factors, including urban/rural residency, migration rates, and prevalence of young adults, moderate the importance of genetic effects on alcohol use in late adolescence (ages 16 to 18). Here, we extend these findings to test for moderating effects of these socioregional factors on alcohol use and behavior problems assessed in a younger sample of adolescent Finnish twins.