Citation

Hastings PD, Rubin KH. Child Dev. 1999; 70(3): 722-741.

Affiliation

National Institute of Mental Health, Section on Developmental Psychopathology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Paul_D_Hastings@nih.gov

Copyright

(Copyright © 1999, John Wiley and Sons)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

10368918

Abstract

Maternal beliefs about children's social behavior may be important contributors to socialization and development, but little is known about how such beliefs form. Transactional models suggest that children's characteristics may influence parents. At 2 years of age, the shy and aggressive behaviors of 65 toddlers (28 females) were observed during interactions with an unfamiliar peer; as well, mothers described the extent to which they advocated protective and authoritarian childrearing attitudes. These variables were used to predict mothers emotions, attributions, parenting goals, and socialization strategies in response to vignettes depicting aggressive and withdrawn child behaviors 2 years later. Most child effects were moderated by maternal attitudes or gender effects. Authoritarian mothers of aggressive toddlers were most likely to report high control and anger, to blame their children for aggression, and to focus on obtaining compliance rather than teaching skills to their children. Protective mothers reported that they would use warmth and involvement to comfort withdrawn children, especially their daughters.

Language: en