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Citation |
Delbaere K, Smith ST, Lord SR. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 2011; 66(6): 674-680. |
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Affiliation |
Falls and Balance Research Group, Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia. k.delbaere@neura.edu.au. |
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Copyright |
(Copyright © 2011, Gerontological Society of America) |
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DOI |
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PMID |
21350244 |
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Abstract |
BACKGROUND: Fear of falling scales typically have a strong floor effect in active people and use short phrases to state overall context of fear-related activities. We developed the Iconographical Falls Efficacy Scale (Icon-FES), which includes more demanding activities and uses pictures to provide more complete environmental contexts. METHODS: Two-hundred and fifty community-dwelling older people (70-90 years) were assessed on the Icon-FES in conjunction with the Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I). RESULTS: Overall structure and measurement properties of the 30-item Icon-FES (evaluated with item-response theory) were good. It measured a single factor with 2 dimensions assessing fear about less and more demanding daily activities. It had high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96) and excellent test-retest reliability. The Icon-FES distribution was considerably closer to normal compared with FES-I, indicating absence of floor and ceiling effects. Construct validity of the Icon-FES was supported by its relation with FES-I and its ability to discriminate between groups relating to demographic characteristics and fall risk factors. A shortened 10-item Icon-FES showed similar psychometric properties to the 30-item Icon-FES. CONCLUSIONS: The Icon-FES is an innovative way of assessing fear of falling using pictures to describe a range of activities and situations. This initial validation study showed that the Icon-FES has excellent psychometric properties and showed close continuity with the FES-I. Main advantages of the Icon-FES over the FES-I are its normal distribution and its ability to assess fear of falling in high functioning older people. Language: en |