Citation

Pipkorn B, Håland Y. Proc. Int. Tech. Conf. Enhanced Safety Vehicles 1996; 1996: 963-977.

Copyright

(Copyright © 1996, In public domain, Publisher National Highway Traffic Safety Administration)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

A two dimensional lumped mass model of the BIOSID dummy was developed and validated by means of pendulum and sled tests at various impact speeds. The mathematical BIOSID dummy consisted of eleven body parts: head, neck, arm, shoulder rib, thoracic ribs, abdominal ribs, spine and pelvis. The model was used to evaluate the potential injury reducing benefits of padding or airbags in side impacts. The side impact simulations were carried out using the crash victim simulation software MADYMO2D. The airbags were initially filled with compressed air and had varying initial (over) pressures and ventilation areas. The protective system resulting in the lowest injury measures for the dummy was thus determined. The lowest TTI was obtained with the airbag with 0 kPa initial over pressure and 1500 mm squared ventilation area, while the lowest chest deflection and chest VC were obtained with an airbag with 40 kPa initial over pressure and 2000 mm squared ventilation area. The risk of the head impacting the side window was significantly reduced with the addition of an airbag. It was found that the airbag should have a thickness of approximately 120 mm when fully deployed to adequately protect the occupant. The arm and shoulder of the occupant have to be engaged in the impact. The model of the BIOSID dummy was found to be a very valid and valuable tool for evaluating the protective effort of padding and airbags in the side door.