Citation

Abdel-Malek K, Yang J, Marler T, Beck S, Mathai A, Zhou X, Patrick A, Arora J. Int. J. Hum. Factrors Model. Simul. 2006; 1(1): 2-39.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2006, Inderscience Publishers)

DOI

10.1504/IJHFMS.2006.011680

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

This paper presents work from an ongoing project towards developing a new generation of virtual human models that are highly realistic in appearance, movement, and feedback. Santos™, an anatomically correct human model with more than 100 degrees of freedom, is an avatar that exhibits extensive modelling and simulation capabilities, resides in a virtual environment, and conducts human-factors analysis. The paper presents an optimisation-based approach to posture and motion prediction that allows the avatar to operate with autonomy rather than depending on stored animations and data or being restricted by inverse kinematics. It also presents approaches to determining reach envelopes and workspace zone differentiation, and discusses methods for evaluating the physiological status of the virtual human as it completes tasks. Muscle modelling including muscle wrapping, muscle force and stress determination is also discussed. Finally, the process of building a 25-DOF hand model is described. The result is an exciting step towards a virtual human that is more extensive and complete than any other.