Citation

Sarda V, Kumar A. Indian Highw. 1993; 21(5): 45-50.

Copyright

(Copyright © 1993, Indian Roads Congress)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

This paper discusses the various problems, including ecological problems, associated with hill road construction and maintenance, together with some possible solutions. Hilly and mountainous areas have several features which complicate the construction of roads and the operation of vehicles; they include: (1) high gradients; (2) sharp curves; (3) high elevation differences; and (4) differential climatic conditions. The main problems arising for road construction there are as follows: (1) road alignment, which can be very complex; (2) Geological disturbances; (3) Soil erosion; (4) Loss of forest and other vegetation; (5) Drainage problems; (6) Silting of water reservoirs; (7) Displacement of animals and birds, and disruption of their habitats; (8) Air pollution; (9) Frost action; and (10) Snow avalanches. Increased road maintenance problems, including the effects of landslides is also a problem. Possible methods of road construction and maintenance, that reduce damage by natural factors, include: (1) very detailed surveys of new road routes, fully covering geological aspects; (2) minimised routing through forests; (3) minimal and well-planned blasting operations; (4) properly located and designed drainage works; (5) preservation of natural springs and waterways; and (6) use of all-weather roads.