Citation

Waller JA. Accid. Anal. Prev. 1980; 12(1): 1-5.

Copyright

(Copyright © 1980, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

A system of program evaluation is presented that examines organizational and programmatic aspects of countermeasures as well as three levels of outcome. Level one outcomes include changes in skills, knowledge, attitudes and resources. Change in behavior is the level two outcome. The ultimate or level three outcomes are increased cost effectiveness and reduction in death, disability, discomfort, dissatisfaction and deleterious side effects. Evaluation often requires assessment of level one and two outcomes for gatekeepers as well as for the ultimate population to be reached. Attention also must be paid to separate analysis of high vs low risk situations for injury events. The time series approach to evaluation should be used only on those rare occasions where it is not feasible to apply two by two design or its modifications.