Citation

Kaprio JA, Pulkkinen L, Rose RJ. Twin Res. 2002; 5(5): 366-371.

Affiliation

Dept. of Public Health, University of Helsinki, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland. jaakko.kaprio@helsinki.fi

Copyright

(Copyright © 2002, Australian Academic Press)

DOI

10.1375/136905202320906101

PMID

12537860

Abstract

Family, twin and adoption studies have provided evidence for familial and genetic influences on individual differences in disease risk and in human behavior. Attempts to identify individual genes accounting for these differences have not been outstandingly successful to date, and at best, known genes account for only a fraction of the familiality of most traits or diseases. More detailed knowledge of the dynamics of gene action and of specific environmental conditions are needed. Twin and twin-family studies with multiple measurements of risk factors and morbidity over time can permit a much more detailed assessment of the developmental dynamics of disease risk and the unfolding of behavioral risk factors.

Language: en