Citation

Houston DJ, Richardson LE. Accid. Anal. Prev. 2005; 37(6): 1114-1120.

Affiliation

Department of Political Science, 1001 McClung Tower, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0410, USA.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2005, Elsevier Publishing)

DOI

10.1016/j.aap.2005.06.009

PMID

16029869

Abstract

Annual state observed safety belt use rates over the period 1991-2001 are examined using time-series cross-section regression analysis. It was found that seat belt laws are associated with higher use rates and that the enforcement provision matters. Primary states experience belt use rates that on average are 9.1 percentage points higher than their secondary counterparts. In addition, the level of the fine imposed by statute has an effect on safety belt use apart from that attributable to the enforcement provision. The current median fine of $25 is associated with an additional 3.8 percentage points increase in belt use. To further increase safety belt use, it is recommended that states adopt primary enforcement and impose fines of at least $50 for violating a seat belt law.