Citation

Schnitzer PG, Ewigman BG. J. Pediatr. Psychol. 2005; 30(5): 413-423.

Affiliation

Department of Family and Community Medicine, MA306, Medical Sciences Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212, USA. schnitzerp@health.missouri.edu.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2005, Oxford University Press)

DOI

10.1093/jpepsy/jsi065

PMID

15944169

PMCID

PMC1364463

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The International Classification of Disease (ICD) external cause of injury E-codes do not sufficiently identify injury circumstances amenable to prevention. The researchers developed an alternative classification system (B-codes) that incorporates behavioral and environmental factors, for use in childhood injury research, and compare the two coding systems in this paper. METHODS: All fatal injuries among children less than age five that occurred between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 1994, were classified using both B-codes and E-codes. RESULTS: E-codes identified the most common causes of injury death: homicide (24%), fires (21%), motor vehicle incidents (21%), drowning (10%), and suffocation (9%). The B-codes further revealed that homicides (51%) resulted from the child being shaken or struck by another person; many fires deaths (42%) resulted from children playing with matches or lighters; drownings (46%) usually occurred in natural bodies of water; and most suffocation deaths (68%) occurred in unsafe sleeping arrangements. CONCLUSIONS: B-codes identify additional information with specific relevance for prevention of childhood injuries.