Citation

Levine RS, Doull J. Rev. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 1992; 129: 29-50.

Affiliation

Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208.

Copyright

(Copyright © 1992, Holtzbrinck Springer Nature Publishing Group)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

1410693

Abstract

Mathematical models have projected increasing numbers of pesticide poisoning throughout the world, rising from 500,000 cases/yr in 1972 to 25,000,000 cases/yr in a 1990 estimate. Among 148 outbreaks (excluding Bhopal and three probable epidemics of pesticide-related suicide) reported between 1951-90, the known number of cases was 24,731 with 1065 deaths (4.3% case fatality); these are probably underestimates. Among the known outbreaks, the most commonly identified agents were organophosphates (58), carbamates (23), chlorinated hydrocarbons (23), and organic mercurials (11). Food was the most common vehicle of exposure in these epidemics (83 outbreaks), followed by skin contact (26), multiple types of exposure (22), and respiratory exposure (16). Two countries, the United States and Thailand, accounted for more than half the reports. Both the mathematical models and the outbreak investigations support the need for continuing investigation and improved surveillance throughout the world.

Language: en