Citation

Smith MD. Can. J. Appl. Sport Sci. 1979; 4(1): 76-82.

Copyright

(Copyright © 1979, Canadian Association of Sports Sciences)

DOI

unavailable

PMID

498406

Abstract

Research on the social determinants of hockey violence is organized in this paper under three main headings: (1) the social organization of the hockey "system", (2) mass media portrayals of the professional game, and (3) the influence of players' reference others. It appears that these determinants all contribute to a social environment in which hockey performers perceive that the rewards of violence often outweigh the costs.

Language: en