Citation

Sánchez FJ, Greenberg ST, Liu WM, Vilain E. Psychol. Men Masc. 2009; 10(1): 73-87.

Copyright

(Copyright © 2009, American Psychological Association)

DOI

10.1037/a0013513

PMID

unavailable

Abstract

This exploratory study used consensual qualitative research methodology to analyze what gay men associate with masculinity and femininity, how they feel masculine ideals affect their self-image, and how masculine ideals affect their same-sex relationships. Written responses were collected from 547 self-identified gay men in the United States via an Internet-based survey. Findings supported previous reports that perceptions of gender roles among gay men appear based on masculine and feminine stereotypes. In addition, more adverse versus positive effects on self-image and same-sex romantic relationships were reported, including difficulty being emotional and affectionate, pressure to be physically attractive, and pressure to appear masculine in order to be accepted by society and to be seen as desirable by other gay men. While research on gay men's experience with masculinity continues, psychologists should consider the possible influence of traditional masculine ideals when conceptualizing their gay male clients.