TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2024//
TI  - A comparison of sub-concussive impact attenuating capabilities of ice hockey helmets with and without XRD foam
JO  - Journal of science and medicine in sport
A1  - Emerson, Hannah N.
A1  - Claiborne, Tina L.
A1  - Liberi, Victor
A1  - Kelleran, Kyle J.
SP  - ePub
EP  - ePub
VL  - ePub
IS  - ePub
N2  - OBJECTIVES: To compare the impact attenuating capabilities between ice hockey helmets manufactured with and without XRD impact protection foam, worn with and without a XRD skullcap, at reducing sub-concussive head accelerations. <br><br>DESIGN: Quasi-experimental laboratory. <br><br>METHODS: Ice hockey helmets were fit onto a Hybrid III 50th Head Form Head and dropped 25 times onto the left temporal side for each condition: XRD foam helmet, XRD foam helmet with XRD skullcap adjunct, non-XRD foam helmet, and non-XRD foam helmet with XRD skullcap adjunct. The helmets were dropped from a height that resulted in sub-concussive linear accelerations (25-80 g's). Using a tri-axial accelerometer, peak linear accelerations (g) were measured, and the average was used to compare impact attenuation properties across the four conditions. <br><br>RESULTS: The highest linear accelerations were observed in the XRD foam helmet without skullcap (32.97 ± 0.61 g) and were significantly greater (p < 0.001) than the XRD helmet with skullcap (21.38 ± 0.76 g). The helmet without XRD foam elicited the lowest peak linear accelerations (16.10 ± 0.73 g) which were significantly lower than the XRD foam helmet regardless of whether the skullcap was added (p < 0.001). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Although sub-concussive loads are potentially just as dangerous, much of the research regarding helmet and skullcap efficacy appears to be at high concussive impacts; <70 g's. The findings suggest that helmets with incorporated XRD foam, either within the design or added as an adjunct, are less effective at attenuating linear accelerations at sub-concussive levels than the low-density foam helmet.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1440-2440
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2024.05.005
ID  - ref1
ER  -