TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2013//
TI  - Irritability and elation in a large bipolar youth sample: Relative symptom severity and clinical outcomes over 4 years
JO  - Journal of clinical psychiatry
A1  - Hunt, J.I.
A1  - Case, B.G.
A1  - Birmaher, B.
A1  - Stout, R.L.
A1  - Dickstein, D.P.
A1  - Yen, S.
A1  - Goldstein, T.R.
A1  - Goldstein, B.I.
A1  - Axelson, D.A.
A1  - Hower, H.
A1  - Strober, M.
A1  - Ryan, N.
A1  - Swenson, L.
A1  - Topor, D.R.
A1  - Gill, M.K.
A1  - Weinstock, L.M.
A1  - Keller, M.B.
SP  - e110
EP  - e117
VL  - 74
IS  - 1
N2  - OBJECTIVE: To assess whether relative severity of irritability symptoms versus elation symptoms in mania is stable and predicts subsequent illness course in youth with DSM-IV bipolar I or II disorder or operationally defined bipolar disorder not otherwise specified. <br><br>METHOD: Investigators used the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children to assess the most severe lifetime manic episode in bipolar youth aged 7-17 years who were recruited from 2000 to 2006 as part of the Course and Outcomes of Bipolar Youth prospective cohort study (N = 361), conducted at university-affiliated mental health clinics. Subjects with at least 4 years of follow-up (N = 309) were categorized as irritable-only (n = 30), elated-only (n = 42), or both irritable and elated (n = 237) at baseline. Stability of this categorization over follow-up was the primary outcome. The course of mood symptoms and episodes, risk of suicide attempt, and functioning over follow-up were also compared between baseline groups. <br><br>RESULTS: Most subjects experienced both irritability and elation during follow-up, and agreement between baseline and follow-up group assignment did not exceed that expected by chance (κ = 0.03; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.12). Elated-only subjects were most likely to report the absence of both irritability and elation symptoms at every follow-up assessment (35.7%, versus 26.7% of irritable-only subjects and 16.9% of those with both irritability and elation; P =.01). Baseline groups experienced mania or hypomania for a similar proportion of the follow-up period, but irritable-only subjects experienced depression for a greater proportion of the follow-up period than did subjects who were both irritable and elated (53.9% versus 39.7%, respectively; P =.01). The groups did not otherwise differ by course of mood episode duration, polarity, bipolar diagnostic type, suicide attempt risk, or functional impairment. <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Most bipolar youth eventually experienced both irritability and elation irrespective of history. Irritableonly youth were at similar risk for mania but at greater risk for depression compared with elated-only youth and youth who had both irritability and elation symptoms. © Copyright 2013 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.<p /> <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 0160-6689
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.12m07874
ID  - ref1
ER  -