TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2017//
TI  - Characteristics and outcomes of e-cigarette exposure incidents reported to 10 European poison centers: a retrospective data analysis
JO  - Tobacco induced diseases
A1  - Vardavas, C.I.
A1  - Girvalaki, C.
A1  - Filippidis, F.T.
A1  - Oder, M.
A1  - Kastanje, R.
A1  - de Vries, I.
A1  - Scholtens, L.
A1  - Annas, A.
A1  - Plackova, S.
A1  - Turk, R.
A1  - Gruzdyte, L.
A1  - Rato, F.
A1  - Genser, D.
A1  - Schiel, H.
A1  - Balázs, A.
A1  - Donohoe, E.
A1  - Vardavas, A.I.
A1  - Tzatzarakis, M.N.
A1  - Tsatsakis, A.M.
A1  - Behrakis, P.K.
SP  - 
EP  - 
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
N2  - BACKGROUND: The use of e-cigarettes has increased during the past few years. Exposure to e-cigarette liquids, whether intentional or accidental, may lead to adverse events our aim was to assess factors associated with e-cigarette exposures across European Union Member States (EU MS). <br><br>METHODS: A retrospective analysis of exposures associated with e-cigarettes reported to national poison centers was performed covering incidents from 2012 to March 2015 from 10 EU MS. De-identified and anonymous raw data was acquired. <br><br>RESULTS: In total, 277 incidents were reported. Unintentional exposure was the most frequently cited type of exposure (71.3%), while e-cigarette refill vials were responsible for the majority of the reported incidents (87.3%). Two-thirds of all exposures (67.5%) occurred as ingestion of e-liquids, which was more frequent among children (≤ 5 years, 6-18 years) compared to adults (87.0% vs. 59.3% vs. 57.6%, p < 0.001 respectively), exposure via the respiratory (5.4% vs. 22.2% vs. 22.2%, p < 0.001) were more frequent among paediatric patients while ocular routes (2.2% vs. 3.7% vs. 11.4%, p = 0.021) were more frequent among adults. Logistic regression analyses indicated that paediatric incidents (≤ 5 years) were more likely to be through ingestion (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 4.36, 95% Confidence Interval [C.I.]: 1.87-10.18), but less likely to have a reported clinical effect (aOR = 0.41, 95% C.I.: 0.21-0.82). <br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlighted parameters related to e-cigarette exposure incidents in 10 EU MS, the results of which indicate that consideration should be given to the design features which may mitigate risks, thereby protecting users, non-users and especially children. © 2017 The Author(s).<p /> <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 2070-7266
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12971-017-0141-z
ID  - ref1
ER  -