TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2024//
TI  - Wilderness Medical Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Frostbite: 2024 update
JO  - Wilderness and environmental medicine
A1  - McIntosh, Scott E.
A1  - Freer, Luanne
A1  - Grissom, Colin K.
A1  - Rodway, George W.
A1  - Giesbrecht, Gordon G.
A1  - McDevitt, Marion
A1  - Imray, Christopher H.
A1  - Johnson, Eric L.
A1  - Pandey, Prativa
A1  - Dow, Jennifer
A1  - Hackett, Peter H.
SP  - ePub
EP  - ePub
VL  - ePub
IS  - ePub
N2  - The Wilderness Medical Society convened an expert panel to develop a set of evidence-based guidelines for the prevention and treatment of frostbite. We present a review of pertinent pathophysiology. We then discuss primary and secondary prevention measures and therapeutic management. Recommendations are made regarding each treatment and its role in management. These recommendations are graded on the basis of the quality of supporting evidence and balance between the benefits and risks or burdens for each modality according to methodology stipulated by the American College of Chest Physicians. This is an updated version of the guidelines published in 2019.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1080-6032
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10806032231222359
ID  - ref1
ER  -