TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2022//
TI  - Masking in murder: an exploratory study into the act of covering the victim's face in UK homicide
JO  - Journal of investigative psychology and offender profiling
A1  - Rainbow, Lee
A1  - Benson, Caitlin
A1  - Almond, Louise
A1  - Tandy, Alicia
A1  - McManus, Michelle
SP  - 20
EP  - 32
VL  - 19
IS  - 1
N2  - Previous literature suggests that covering of a homicide victim's face by an offender indicates a pre-existing relationship. Operational definitions discriminate between three forms of victim covering (i) Masking (ii) Cloaking and (iii) Concealment. 126 UK homicide cases were examined to explore whether any evidence-based investigative inferences could be supported in cases of victim covering viewed through an instrumental/expressive framework. No statistically significant differences were found between face covering behaviour and the relationship between victim and offender, previous convictions, and offender age, although there was a high frequency of elderly female victims of masking. The findings are discussed in relation to offender-profiling.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1544-4759
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jip.1582
ID  - ref1
ER  -