TY  - JOUR
PY  - 2022//
TI  - Incidence and characteristics of orbital hemorrhages in the United States from 2006 to 2018
JO  - Clinical ophthalmology
A1  - Jensen, Adrianna D.
A1  - Taneja, Kamil
A1  - Ahmad, Meleha T.
A1  - Woreta, Fasika A.
A1  - Rajaii, Fatemeh
SP  - 3369
EP  - 3380
VL  - 16
IS  - 
N2  - PURPOSE: To determine the incidence, characteristics, and costs associated with orbital hemorrhages presenting to US EDs. <br><br>PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective, longitudinal study of the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, 2006 to 2018. Medical records from patients presenting to participating hospital-owned EDs and diagnosed with primary or secondary orbital hemorrhage were examined to determine incidence, demographics, clinical characteristics, mechanism, disposition and related risk factors, and costs. <br><br>RESULTS: From 2006 to 2018, an estimated 20,762 US ED visits included an orbital hemorrhage diagnosis. Most primary diagnosis patients were elderly (35%) and male (51%), and incidence increased from 1.1 (95% CI: 0.8-1.4) to 3.1 per million (95% CI: 2.5-3.7, p < 0.0001). Fall was the most common mechanism (21.6%), particularly among the elderly (39.9%). Fall-related diagnoses increased from 0.03 (95% CI: -0.01-0.07) to 1.0 per million (95% CI: 0.7-1.3, p < 0.0001), while overall falls increased by only 7%. Assault-related orbital hemorrhage increased from 0.1 (95% CI: 0.0-0.2) to 0.6 per million (95% CI: 0.4-0.7, p < 0.0001), while overall assaults decreased by 22%. Annual total ED costs increased from $463,220 (95% CI: 233,993-692,446) to $6,117,320 (95% CI: 4,665,403-7,569,237, p < 0.001). Inpatient admission was uncommon (9.0%), but related costs totaled $18.9 million (95% CI: 13.3-24.5). Odds of admission were lower in fall- and objects-related injuries and higher with certain concurrent injuries. <br><br>CONCLUSION: Orbital hemorrhages are becoming more frequent and costly. A disproportionately large increase in fall- and assault-related diagnoses highlights the need for targeted injury prevention strategies to reduce cost and morbidity.<p />  <p>Language: en</p>
LA  - en
SN  - 1177-5467
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S376447
ID  - ref1
ER  -